Showing posts with label urine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label urine. Show all posts

Sunday, 5 October 2014

Type 2 Diabetes - 10 Myths & Facts [10个神话&事实关于第二类型糖尿病]

Type 2 Diabetes - 10 Myths & Facts [10个神话&事实关于第二类型糖尿]

1.        Eating Too Much Sugar Causes Type 2 Diabetes

FACTS - Experts don't fully understand what causes type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin. Healthy eating—limiting fat, sugar, salt and cholesterol—is an important part of staying healthy for all adults. {My view – Eat healthy with regular exercise}

2.        Only Overweight or Obese People Develop Type 2 Diabetes

FACTS - Certain risk factors make it more likely for someone to develop type 2 diabetes. Being overweight or obese is one of them. But being overweight or obese doesn't necessarily mean someone will develop type 2 diabetes. That's because there are other risk factors. This includes having a family history of the disease and being over age 40. {My view – Eat healthy with regular exercise}

3.        Type 2 Diabetes Always Causes Symptoms

FACTS - The telltale symptoms of type 2 diabetes are increased urination, thirst and hunger. Other symptoms include weight loss and fatigue; slow healing wounds and blurred vision typically occur later in the disease. {My earlier post, “Urine with Bubbles”, worth a read}

4.        Pre-diabetes Is Nothing to Worry About

FACTS - You either have diabetes or you don't. Having pre-diabetes puts you at very high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The good news is that you can do something about it. Research suggests that you can cut your risk by 58% if you lose 7% of your body weight and exercise moderately for 30 minutes a day, five days a week.

5.        Type 2 Diabetes Is Not As Serious As Type 1 Diabetes

FACTS - Left uncontrolled, both types of diabetes can cause serious complications and even be deadly. Complications include kidney disease, vision loss, neuropathy, amputations, heart attack, and stroke. Fortunately, controlling and managing type 2 diabetes can help prevent or delay these complications.

6.        People with Type 2 Diabetes Don't Need Insulin

FACTS - Many people manage type 2 diabetes with healthy eating, plenty of exercise, weight loss, and oral medicines. As the disease progresses, most people eventually need insulin. Starting insulin for type 2 diabetes does not mean you have failed to manage your disease. It means your disease is changing. Experts recognized this when they changed the name from "non-insulin dependent diabetes" to "type 2 diabetes."

7.        Type 2 Diabetes Can Be Cured

FACTS - There is no cure for type 2 diabetes. The disease is controllable with lifestyle changes, oral medicines, and insulin. In some cases, people have been able to return their blood glucose levels to normal and stop their medicines. Doctors refer to this as remission instead of cure because the risk of relapse is very high. People have achieved remission through sustained weight loss, healthy eating, and making physical activity part of their daily routine

8.        People with Type 2 Diabetes Can't Eat Sugar, Sweets or Starches

FACTS - Glucose—or blood sugar—comes from carbohydrates. Starches, fruits, sugar, alcohol, and even grains contain carbohydrates or carbs. The key to eating carbs with type 2 diabetes is portion control. With proper portion control, no foods should be off limits. {My view – Work with a Dietitian to derive a “RIGHT” diet portion for you.  Even consume too much brown rice may spike your post meal glucose }

9.        People with Type 2 Diabetes Have to Eat a Special Diet

FACTS - Eating diabetic or dietetic foods is not necessary. In fact, these foods may cause digestive problems and they are expensive. Instead, people with type 2 diabetes should eat a healthy diet. This includes limiting fat, cholesterol and salt. It also means eating fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and whole grains.  {My view - A friend with renal failure admitted he has a high sodium diet resulting his systolic number at around 200}

10.     People with Type 2 Diabetes Can't Lead an Active Life

FACTS - Leading an active life is vital to controlling type 2 diabetes. In fact, exercise can help your muscles take up and use glucose independent of insulin. Exercise also increases insulin sensitivity so your cells can use insulin better. People with type 2 diabetes should make exercise part of their daily routine. {Too much fat will reduce the sensitivity of insulin. My earlier post, “Neighborhoods That Encourage Walking Reduce Obesity and Diabetes” worth a read}


For further details, here is the Original Article, courtesy of CNN Health.

Wednesday, 17 September 2014

How to Cook Oatmeal in a Rice Cooker (Lunch Box) [如何利用电饭锅烹调燕麦粥(午餐盒)] & 【愛上燕麥片的理由】

How to Cook Oatmeal in a Rice Cooker (Lunch Box) [如何利电饭锅烹调燕麦(午餐盒)] & 【愛上燕麥片的理由

Most people, including myself, will cook oatmeal in a pot and thus have to stir it constantly.  I was asking myself is there any way I can make better use of my times while the oatmeal is being cooked.  I found one.

 

Here is another great invention by the Koreans – “Kessler Multi-Function Electric Lunch Box”.  Using the aluminum pot inside Lunch Box, the whole cooking process will take 30 minutes BUT I don’t have to stir the oatmeal constantly.

 

Here is my way of cooking oatmeal:

·      Add 200-300ml of water to the pot inside Lunch Box (adjust to your preference)

·      Add any vegetables such as onion, carrot, tomato, celery, spinach, potato or any other vegetables to start the cooking process

·      For dinner, I don’t add any meat (I don’t take meat anyways) or fish as I took fish for lunch. You may add a portion of fish if you didn’t consume fish (protein) during the day

·      Let it cook for 20 minutes then add your oatmeal to the aluminum pot

·      I don’t add any salt during the process

·      30 minutes later, oatmeal and vegetables are cooked.  I will add a table spoon of light soy sauce to my oatmeal.  I can afford so because my sodium level is within range.

If you have an improved way to cook oatmeal, your sharing is much appreciated.

 

Matters to Note (应注义事项):

Please note that diet should be adjusted in according to individual’s requirements. 

My Phosphate test result has been below the acceptable range, most of the times, since the surgery in May. Consuming oatmeal has pushed my Phosphate result to the acceptable range.

【愛上燕麥片的理由
燕麥含有豐富的維生素和礦物質,其中維生素E可以幫助身體擴張末梢血管,並改善血液迴圈,調整身體狀況。而鈣、磷、鐵、鋅等礦物質可以有預防骨質疏鬆、促進傷口癒合、防止貧血的功效。

改善免疫系統。燕麥中豐富的β葡聚糖能改善免疫系統,有效抗擊病毒、細菌和寄生蟲,從而提高人體免疫力。

有益減肥瘦身。燕麥片中膳食纖維豐富,可長時間保持飽腹感,防止攝入過多的油膩和鹹味食物,達到減肥瘦身的效果。

預防便秘。燕麥片猶如天然腸道刷洗工,能幫助預防便秘。

改善血糖。燕麥對血糖的影響較小,並且能減少胰島素依賴,提高胰島素敏感性。


降壓降脂。每天食用燕麥有助於降低收縮壓和舒張壓。燕麥富含可溶性膳食纖維,能大量吸收人體的膽固醇並排出體外,降低壞膽固醇

Saturday, 6 September 2014

Post-Transplant Medications {Update#2} (移植之后疗程)

Post-Transplant Medications {Update#2} (移植之后疗)
Finally August is gone! End of August denotes the end of Valganciclovir for me. May be not a standard protocol but it is common to take three months of Valcyte for newly transplanted patient. Besides being one of the priciest medicine I ever came across, one of its side effects is reducing White Blood Cell counts.

Rejection Prophylaxis
1.        Cyclosporine (Neoral®)
- You may refer to my latest post on “Blood Test Report & Creatinine” for my current dosage on Cyclosporine
2.        Mycophenolate  mofetil (Cellcept®)
- Both Neoral® & Cellcept® must be taken every 12 hours and taken on time
- Cyclosporine may cause potassium retention & increased blood pressure
3.        Prednisolone
- A steroid being used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation
- To be taken AFTER foods
The above three drugs are to be taken for life.

Pantoprazole
- For the treatment of GERD

Insulin Aspart
- For the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
- Taking 12u (breakfast), 12u (lunch) and 9u (dinner)

Two methods to monitor (监测) the "Concentration” (浓度) of Cyclosporine:
(A)     Cyclosporine  Trough, also known as C0 (谷值), which is the lowest concentration – To draw blood within one hour to half an hour before the next dosage
(B)     Cyclosporine  Peak, also known as C2 (峰值), which is the highest concentration – To draw blood, two hours exactly, after taking (服用) taking the dosage
It is important to monitor the concentration:
(A)     Insufficient dosage will cause rejection from the new kidney
(B)     Taking too much of Cyclosporine may lead to higher creatinine

Matters to Note (应注义事项):
1.        High dosage of Cellcept & Methylprednisolone will reduce the immunization (免疫).  Doctor should reduce dosage from as early as third week to forth week, the latest, subsequent to the surgery.  I am taking the minimum dosage of Prednisolone at the moment.
2.        Taking both Cyclosporine & Cellcept with fresh milk will tend to give better absorption within the system (用新鲜的牛奶进食将会更好的将Cyclosporine & Cellcept吸收在系统内)

3.        Wear face mask for at least three - six months whenever going out.  Avoid going to crowded places for at least one year due to low or no immunization (每当出去, 戴着面罩至少 - 六个. 由于低或没有免, 去拥挤的地方至少一年)

Friday, 8 August 2014

FDA Approves Jardiance to Treat Diabetes (粮食与药物管理局批准Jardiance治疗糖尿病)

FDA Approves Jardiance to Treat Diabetes (粮食与药物管理局批准Jardiance糖尿)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Jardiance (empagliflozin) tablets as an addition to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Jardiance – Block the reabsorption of glucose (blood sugar) by the kidney, increasing glucose excretion, and lowering blood glucose levels in diabetics who have elevated blood glucose levels

Jardiance – NOT suitable to treat people with type 1 diabetes; those who have increased ketones in their blood or urine (diabetic ketoacidosis); and in those with severe renal impairment, end stage renal disease, or in patients on dialysis.

Jardiance – Can cause dehydration, leading to a drop in blood pressure (hypotension) that can result in dizziness and/or fainting and a decline in renal function.

Side effects - Urinary tract infections and female genital infections.


Here is the Original Article, courtesy of FDA.

Sunday, 3 August 2014

Blood Test Report & Creatinine {Update#6} (验血报告&肌氨酸酐)

Blood Test Report & Creatinine {Update#6} (验血报告&肌氨酸)
Three months after my transplant, a lab test was taken on 30th July 2014.  After reviewing the results as well as other conditions, my Renal Doctor decided to reduce both the morning and evening dosages of my Cyclosporine (Neoral®).
Date
Peak (UG/L)
Creatinine
Cyclosporine Taking
30 July 2014
1381
107
125 mg - OM
110 mg – ON
(reduction in OM & ON)
14 July 2014
1360
110
150 mg - OM
125 mg – ON
(reduction in ON)
30 June 2014
1695
103
150 mg - OM
150 mg – ON
(reduction in OM)
17 June 2014
1704
108
175 mg - OM
150 mg – ON
(reduction in ON)
13 June 2014
667
112
175 mg - OM
175 mg – ON
(No actions taken)
9 June 2014
1274
113
175 mg - OM
175 mg – ON
(reduction in ON)
3 June 2014
Not Tested
108
Existing Dosage:
200 mg - OM
175 mg – ON

I did not do anything unusual in the manner of taking my drugs as compare to my earlier post “Post-Transplant Medications” (我没有做什么异常以服我的药方):
1.     I always take my drugs on time (我总是准时服我的)
2.     I take my drugs with HL milk for better absorption and for my daily calcium intake (我使HL牛奶服药达更好的吸收和完部分每日钙的需)

Do take note that renal doctor DID NOT adjust the dosage on the basis of test results alone.  There are other indicators that he will review before making the final and crucial decision. (注意à 肾脏医生没有根据单独测试结果调整剂量。他在做出最后和关键的决定前将回顾的其他显示)


Next item that is up for review will be my dosage of Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept®), another drug that I am taking to help preventing or treating rejection.